LABORATORI D'ENVOL PARAGLIDING 3.21T version "Gorraptes" by Pere Casellas 2010-2023 http://www.laboratoridenvol.com General Public License GNU/GPL 3.0 Brand: Laboratori d'envol Model: gnuA7-26 Scale: 0.98076 Wing type is: ds (double surface) 1. MAIN PARAMETERS: ------------------------------------------------- Flat area = 26.00 m2 279.9 ft2 Flat span = 10.57 m 34.7 ft Flat A/R = 4.30 Projected area = 22.66 m2 243.9 ft2 Projected span = 8.66 m 28.4 ft Projected A/R = 3.31 Flattening = 0.13 More geometric parameters: Vault arrow = 2.31 m Proj_span/arrow = 3.74 Line heigth (included risers) = 6.84 m Proj_span/Line_heigth = 1.36 Karabiners - wingtip = 5.93 m Proj_span/(Karabiners - wingtip) = 1.46 Planform geometric center of gravity at 52.62 % from leading edge Wing 3d estimated mass center: x= 0.00 cm y= 125.69 cm z= 66.94 cm 2. CALAGE PROPERTIES: ------------------------------------------------- Finesse GR 7.00 Glide angle 8.13 deg AoA 8.16 deg Assiette -0.03 deg Rotal height hcp (inc risers) 0. cm Risers 47. cm calage, pilot centering 33.00 % 100.07 cm plumb point (estimation) 32.90 % 99.76 cm karabiners (x,y,z) 20.00 100.16 684.50 3. RIB PROPERTIES: ------------------------------------------------- Ribs number = 34 Cells number = 33 Rib - Chord - washin - beta - Rot_z ------------------------------------------------- 1 303.23 0.000 1.54 0.00 2 301.99 0.018 4.83 0.00 3 299.52 0.055 8.12 0.00 4 295.82 0.110 11.41 0.00 5 290.87 0.183 14.49 0.00 6 284.67 0.276 17.78 0.00 7 277.19 0.386 21.11 0.00 8 268.43 0.516 25.21 0.00 9 258.21 0.668 29.31 0.00 10 245.47 0.857 33.19 0.00 11 229.97 1.087 37.08 0.00 12 211.75 1.358 40.75 0.00 13 190.94 1.666 46.97 0.00 14 167.72 2.011 54.04 0.00 15 142.23 2.389 61.07 0.00 16 114.63 2.799 75.39 0.00 17 84.95 4.500 88.85 0.00 Cell width (cm) 0 36.35 1 36.28 2 36.13 3 35.91 4 35.60 5 35.24 6 34.80 7 34.26 8 33.65 9 32.89 10 31.96 11 30.86 12 29.62 13 28.24 14 26.70 15 25.05 16 23.27 4. LINE MATRIX, LINE LENGTHS,AND LINE LOADS: Line-plan- level- order- ap - r - row - rib - L - length -length_e - load (Kg) - Type ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1 1 1 11 3 1 14 L = 47.00 47.00 12.43 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 L = 481.00 480.90 2.67 2 3 1 2 2 3 3 1 6 L = 474.00 473.85 3.84 2 4 1 2 3 3 3 1 10 L = 466.00 465.87 3.41 2 5 1 2 4 3 3 1 14 L = 452.00 451.91 2.52 2 6 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 L = 149.46 149.42 1.34 3 7 1 3 2 1 3 1 2 L = 147.57 147.53 1.33 3 8 1 3 3 1 3 1 4 L = 152.94 152.90 1.30 3 9 1 3 4 1 3 1 5 L = 148.11 148.07 1.28 3 10 1 3 5 1 3 1 6 L = 149.50 149.46 1.26 3 11 1 3 6 1 3 1 8 L = 153.09 153.06 1.18 3 12 1 3 7 1 3 1 9 L = 148.00 147.97 1.14 3 13 1 3 8 1 3 1 10 L = 148.08 148.04 1.08 3 14 1 3 9 1 3 1 12 L = 154.49 154.46 0.93 3 15 1 3 10 1 3 1 13 L = 148.74 148.72 0.84 3 16 1 3 11 1 3 1 14 L = 146.41 146.38 0.74 3 17 2 1 1 17 3 2 16 L = 47.00 47.00 14.52 1 18 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 L = 472.00 471.90 2.67 2 19 2 2 2 3 3 2 6 L = 466.00 465.86 3.84 2 20 2 2 3 3 3 2 10 L = 459.00 458.87 3.41 2 21 2 2 4 3 3 2 14 L = 448.00 447.91 2.52 2 22 2 2 5 6 3 2 16 L = 427.00 426.93 2.08 2 23 2 3 1 1 3 2 1 L = 150.02 149.98 1.34 3 24 2 3 2 1 3 2 2 L = 148.05 148.01 1.33 3 25 2 3 3 1 3 2 4 L = 152.39 152.35 1.30 3 26 2 3 4 1 3 2 5 L = 147.74 147.70 1.28 3 27 2 3 5 1 3 2 6 L = 149.23 149.20 1.26 3 28 2 3 6 1 3 2 8 L = 152.35 152.32 1.18 3 29 2 3 7 1 3 2 9 L = 147.74 147.70 1.14 3 30 2 3 8 1 3 2 10 L = 148.17 148.14 1.08 3 31 2 3 9 1 3 2 12 L = 152.90 152.87 0.93 3 32 2 3 10 1 3 2 13 L = 148.17 148.15 0.84 3 33 2 3 11 1 3 2 14 L = 146.25 146.23 0.74 3 34 2 3 12 1 3 1 17 L = 144.37 144.36 0.37 3 35 2 3 13 1 3 2 17 L = 145.86 145.85 0.37 3 36 2 3 14 1 3 3 17 L = 151.73 151.73 0.21 3 37 2 3 15 1 3 4 17 L = 161.48 161.47 0.11 3 38 2 3 16 1 3 1 16 L = 153.61 153.59 0.51 3 39 2 3 17 1 3 2 16 L = 151.71 151.70 0.51 3 40 3 1 1 11 3 3 14 L = 47.00 47.00 7.11 1 41 3 2 1 2 3 3 2 L = 476.00 475.94 1.53 2 42 3 2 2 3 3 3 6 L = 470.00 469.92 2.20 2 43 3 2 3 3 3 3 10 L = 463.00 462.93 1.95 2 44 3 2 4 3 3 3 14 L = 453.00 452.95 1.44 2 45 3 3 1 1 3 3 1 L = 149.56 149.54 0.76 3 46 3 3 2 1 3 3 2 L = 147.73 147.71 0.76 3 47 3 3 3 1 3 3 4 L = 152.37 152.35 0.75 3 48 3 3 4 1 3 3 5 L = 147.84 147.81 0.73 3 49 3 3 5 1 3 3 6 L = 149.46 149.44 0.72 3 50 3 3 6 1 3 3 8 L = 152.75 152.73 0.68 3 51 3 3 7 1 3 3 9 L = 148.24 148.22 0.65 3 52 3 3 8 1 3 3 10 L = 148.72 148.70 0.62 3 53 3 3 9 1 3 3 12 L = 152.64 152.63 0.53 3 54 3 3 10 1 3 3 13 L = 147.93 147.92 0.48 3 55 3 3 11 1 3 3 14 L = 149.52 149.51 0.42 3 56 4 1 1 8 3 4 10 L = 47.00 47.00 2.83 1 57 4 2 1 2 3 4 2 L = 493.00 492.97 0.76 2 58 4 2 2 3 3 4 6 L = 486.00 485.96 1.10 2 59 4 2 3 3 3 4 10 L = 478.00 477.96 0.97 2 60 4 3 1 1 3 4 1 L = 149.48 149.47 0.38 3 61 4 3 2 1 3 4 2 L = 147.77 147.76 0.38 3 62 4 3 3 1 3 4 4 L = 153.41 153.40 0.37 3 63 4 3 4 1 3 4 5 L = 148.65 148.64 0.37 3 64 4 3 5 1 3 4 6 L = 150.09 150.08 0.36 3 65 4 3 6 1 3 4 8 L = 153.55 153.54 0.34 3 66 4 3 7 1 3 4 9 L = 148.45 148.44 0.33 3 67 4 3 8 1 3 4 10 L = 148.33 148.32 0.31 3 68 5 1 1 8 4 6 16 L = 264.00 264.00 0.00 6 69 5 2 1 4 4 6 8 L = 202.00 202.00 0.00 2 70 5 2 2 4 4 6 16 L = 169.00 169.00 0.00 2 71 5 3 1 2 4 6 4 L = 117.00 117.00 0.00 3 72 5 3 2 2 4 6 8 L = 117.00 117.00 0.00 3 73 5 3 3 2 4 6 12 L = 117.00 117.00 0.00 3 74 5 3 4 2 4 6 16 L = 117.00 117.00 0.00 3 75 5 4 1 1 4 6 2 L = 123.11 123.11 0.00 5 76 5 4 2 1 4 6 4 L = 96.61 96.61 0.00 5 77 5 4 3 1 4 6 6 L = 84.52 84.52 0.00 5 78 5 4 4 1 4 6 8 L = 87.22 87.22 0.00 5 79 5 4 5 1 4 6 10 L = 105.10 105.10 0.00 5 80 5 4 6 1 4 6 12 L = 93.04 93.04 0.00 5 81 5 4 7 1 4 6 14 L = 87.26 87.26 0.00 5 82 5 4 8 1 4 6 16 L = 82.44 82.44 0.00 5 Total line lengths (without loops) = 327.37 m Total line lengths (with loops) = 359.45 m (loops lengths according section 34 or internal predefined values) Minimal lengths by types, including loops: Type 1 5.68 m Riser aramid 12.00 mm loop 12.00 cm Type 2 165.31 m PPSL160 s_dyneem 1.40 mm loop 12.00 cm Type 3 170.63 m PPSL120 s_dyneem 1.15 mm loop 10.00 cm Type 5 17.75 m DSL120 u_dyneem 0.80 mm loop 8.00 cm Type 6 5.76 m Line200B s_dynemm 2.00 mm loop 12.00 cm Additional detailed lines properties: Line - Lenght - LenghtL - Weight(g) - Area(mm2) - x - y - z 1 47.00 71.00 10.65 5640.00 26.88 98.31 662.10 2 480.90 504.90 6.77 7068.56 34.41 69.58 400.71 3 473.85 497.85 6.67 6969.96 80.51 72.30 408.62 4 465.87 489.87 6.56 6858.22 127.92 79.56 427.25 5 451.91 475.91 6.38 6662.73 164.24 95.44 455.18 6 149.42 169.42 1.69 1948.37 26.43 34.29 87.97 7 147.53 167.53 1.68 1926.63 44.14 34.64 88.94 8 152.90 172.90 1.73 1988.30 125.12 39.11 101.64 9 148.07 168.07 1.68 1932.79 142.16 40.51 105.40 10 149.46 169.46 1.69 1948.80 158.77 42.28 110.01 11 153.06 173.06 1.73 1990.16 237.79 54.16 140.36 12 147.97 167.97 1.68 1931.61 252.53 57.11 147.58 13 148.04 168.04 1.68 1932.50 266.49 60.98 155.58 14 154.46 174.46 1.74 2006.26 327.96 87.68 201.25 15 148.72 168.72 1.69 1940.27 338.77 94.37 210.73 16 146.38 166.38 1.66 1913.43 347.92 101.87 220.93 17 47.00 71.00 10.65 5640.00 28.18 100.50 662.47 18 471.90 495.90 6.65 6942.59 35.91 94.32 404.53 19 465.86 489.86 6.56 6857.99 81.44 96.06 411.89 20 458.87 482.87 6.47 6760.25 128.26 100.85 430.14 21 447.91 471.91 6.32 6606.74 164.49 111.77 457.02 22 426.93 450.93 6.04 6313.00 182.07 126.18 486.46 23 149.98 169.98 1.70 1954.82 26.55 85.65 94.17 24 148.01 168.01 1.68 1932.07 44.10 85.88 95.13 25 152.35 172.35 1.72 1982.07 124.21 88.78 107.22 26 147.70 167.70 1.68 1928.56 141.11 89.71 110.95 27 149.20 169.20 1.69 1945.75 157.57 90.89 115.50 28 152.32 172.32 1.72 1981.66 235.70 98.75 145.30 29 147.70 167.70 1.68 1928.58 250.29 100.72 152.40 30 148.14 168.14 1.68 1933.63 264.12 103.37 160.26 31 152.87 172.87 1.73 1988.02 325.35 121.78 204.53 32 148.15 168.15 1.68 1933.68 336.08 126.49 213.74 33 146.23 166.23 1.66 1911.68 345.19 131.79 223.61 34 144.36 164.36 1.64 1890.17 381.50 153.82 284.32 35 145.85 165.85 1.66 1907.30 380.47 166.52 284.34 36 151.73 171.73 1.72 1974.87 379.47 179.23 284.36 37 161.47 181.47 1.81 2086.94 378.49 191.93 284.38 38 153.59 173.59 1.74 1996.30 376.69 147.67 273.39 39 151.70 171.70 1.72 1974.52 375.30 158.44 273.76 40 47.00 71.00 10.65 5640.00 26.85 102.61 662.15 41 475.94 499.94 6.70 6999.19 34.30 126.37 402.76 42 469.92 493.92 6.62 6914.84 80.03 126.88 410.45 43 462.93 486.93 6.52 6816.99 126.88 128.40 429.18 44 452.95 476.95 6.39 6677.27 163.08 134.72 456.28 45 149.54 169.54 1.70 1949.67 26.30 154.24 91.72 46 147.71 167.71 1.68 1928.64 43.91 154.32 92.70 47 152.35 172.35 1.72 1982.01 124.31 155.20 105.22 48 147.81 167.81 1.68 1929.86 141.24 155.51 109.01 49 149.44 169.44 1.69 1948.54 157.73 155.89 113.65 50 152.73 172.73 1.73 1986.34 235.90 158.41 144.13 51 148.22 168.22 1.68 1934.57 250.47 159.07 151.35 52 148.70 168.70 1.69 1940.06 264.26 160.11 159.33 53 152.63 172.63 1.73 1985.22 325.32 169.63 204.06 54 147.92 167.92 1.68 1931.03 335.95 171.69 213.37 55 149.51 169.51 1.70 1949.35 345.32 182.43 223.05 56 47.00 71.00 10.65 5640.00 25.15 104.75 662.03 57 492.97 516.97 6.93 7237.58 32.38 157.12 397.75 58 485.96 509.96 6.83 7139.40 78.92 156.39 406.17 59 477.96 501.96 6.73 7027.48 126.53 154.85 425.58 60 149.47 169.47 1.69 1948.87 26.18 219.25 83.05 61 147.76 167.76 1.68 1929.22 44.00 219.17 84.07 62 153.40 173.40 1.73 1994.05 125.61 218.08 97.51 63 148.64 168.64 1.69 1939.32 142.70 217.80 101.45 64 150.08 170.08 1.70 1955.91 159.35 217.44 106.27 65 153.54 173.54 1.74 1995.70 238.54 214.97 137.89 66 148.44 168.44 1.68 1937.04 253.21 214.42 145.38 67 148.32 168.32 1.68 1935.72 267.03 213.93 153.66 68 264.00 288.00 8.93 5760.00 80.41 145.97 523.07 69 202.00 226.00 3.03 3164.00 137.46 211.84 310.15 70 169.00 193.00 2.59 2702.00 187.51 202.25 347.36 71 117.00 137.00 1.37 1575.50 130.04 257.10 159.32 72 117.00 137.00 1.37 1575.50 168.76 256.94 162.96 73 117.00 137.00 1.37 1575.50 270.95 237.81 238.45 74 117.00 137.00 1.37 1575.50 294.66 231.90 259.75 75 123.11 139.11 0.93 1037.92 85.02 288.02 53.66 76 96.61 112.61 0.75 825.92 120.63 286.96 58.91 77 84.52 100.52 0.67 729.21 193.52 284.89 71.70 78 87.22 103.22 0.69 750.74 225.48 282.10 84.47 79 105.10 121.10 0.81 893.85 306.32 268.89 139.24 80 93.04 109.04 0.73 797.37 331.00 264.19 158.34 81 87.26 103.26 0.69 751.09 373.93 252.35 200.58 82 82.44 98.44 0.66 712.54 385.02 245.30 222.88 Total lines weight included risers: 0.507 kg Total lines area included risers: 0.497 m2 Lines x-coordinate mass center: 0.000 cm Lines y-coordinate mass center: 128.119 cm Lines z-coordinate mass center: 369.959 cm 5. Adjustment seam parameters on the inner side of extrados panels (fig. 10 of the manual) ------------------------------------------------- Not used ( ndif=1000 ) 6. VERIFICATION Panels and rib differences (mm): ------------------------------------------------- NOTE: Maximal accuracy << 0.02 mm in extrados and intrados panels Number - Panel at left - Rib - Panel at right - max dif (mm) 1 3316.47 3316.47 3316.47 0.000 extra 1 2839.31 2839.31 2839.31 0.000 intra 2 3302.85 3302.85 3302.85 0.000 extra 2 2827.65 2827.65 2827.65 0.002 intra 3 3275.92 3275.92 3275.92 0.000 extra 3 2804.60 2804.60 2804.60 0.002 intra 4 3235.38 3235.38 3235.38 0.000 extra 4 2769.88 2769.89 2769.89 0.003 intra 5 3181.32 3181.32 3181.32 0.000 extra 5 2723.60 2723.60 2723.60 0.001 intra 6 3113.42 3113.42 3113.42 0.000 extra 6 2665.47 2665.47 2665.47 0.001 intra 7 3031.68 3031.68 3031.68 0.000 extra 7 2595.49 2595.49 2595.50 0.003 intra 8 2935.89 2935.89 2935.89 0.000 extra 8 2513.48 2513.49 2513.49 0.004 intra 9 2824.01 2824.01 2824.01 0.000 extra 9 2417.70 2417.70 2417.71 0.002 intra 10 2684.67 2684.67 2684.67 0.000 extra 10 2298.41 2298.41 2298.41 0.002 intra 11 2515.19 2515.19 2515.19 0.000 extra 11 2153.31 2153.31 2153.32 0.005 intra 12 2315.89 2315.89 2315.89 0.000 extra 12 1982.68 1982.69 1982.69 0.005 intra 13 2088.38 2088.38 2088.38 0.000 extra 13 1787.90 1787.91 1787.91 0.005 intra 14 1834.37 1834.37 1834.37 0.000 extra 14 1570.44 1570.45 1570.45 0.005 intra 15 1555.58 1555.58 1555.58 0.000 extra 15 1331.77 1331.77 1331.77 0.005 intra 16 1239.08 1239.08 1239.08 0.000 extra 16 1072.09 1072.10 1072.11 0.010 intra 17 863.15 863.15 - 0.000 extra 17 791.01 791.01 - 0.001 intra Panel distorsions in the leading edge (mm): ------------------------------------------- Panel D. extra D. intra 0 0.0202 0.0003 1 0.0202 0.0002 2 0.0202 0.0045 3 0.0182 -0.0075 4 -0.0068 -0.0024 5 -0.0209 -0.0042 6 -0.0409 0.0076 7 -0.0370 -0.0271 8 -0.0910 -0.0145 9 -0.0008 -0.0240 10 -0.0018 -0.0047 11 -0.0071 -0.0918 12 -0.0094 -0.0820 13 -0.0152 -0.0937 14 -0.0259 -0.0184 15 -0.0264 -0.0218 16 -0.0304 -0.0332 7. CALAGE AND RISERS VARIATIONS WITH ANGLE a) Speed system pivot in last riser: ------------------------------------------- i alpha A B C D Calage 1 -0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 33.00 2 -0.40 -1.44 -1.05 -0.51 0.00 31.43 3 -0.80 -2.88 -2.09 -1.01 0.00 29.86 4 -1.20 -4.32 -3.14 -1.52 0.00 28.29 5 -1.60 -5.76 -4.19 -2.03 0.00 26.74 6 -2.00 -7.19 -5.23 -2.53 0.00 25.19 7 -2.40 -8.63 -6.28 -3.04 0.00 23.65 8 -2.80 -10.06 -7.33 -3.55 0.00 22.13 9 -3.20 -11.49 -8.37 -4.06 0.00 20.61 10 -3.60 -12.92 -9.42 -4.56 0.00 19.12 11 -4.00 -14.35 -10.46 -5.07 0.00 17.65 b) Speed system pivot in first riser: ------------------------------------------- i alpha A B C D Calage 1 -0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 33.00 2 -0.40 0.00 0.40 0.94 1.42 31.42 3 -0.80 0.00 0.80 1.88 2.84 29.85 4 -1.20 0.00 1.21 2.81 4.26 28.27 5 -1.60 0.00 1.61 3.75 5.68 26.69 6 -2.00 0.00 2.01 4.68 7.09 25.11 7 -2.40 0.00 2.41 5.62 8.51 23.53 8 -2.80 0.00 2.82 6.55 9.92 21.94 9 -3.20 0.00 3.22 7.49 11.32 20.36 10 -3.60 0.00 3.62 8.42 12.73 18.78 11 -4.00 0.00 4.02 9.35 14.13 17.19 c) Trimer system pivot in first riser: ------------------------------------------- i alpha A B C D Calage 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 33.00 2 0.40 0.00 -0.40 -0.94 -1.42 34.58 3 0.80 0.00 -0.80 -1.88 -2.85 36.15 4 1.20 0.00 -1.21 -2.82 -4.28 37.72 5 1.60 0.00 -1.61 -3.76 -5.71 39.29 6 2.00 0.00 -2.01 -4.70 -7.14 40.86 7 2.40 0.00 -2.41 -5.64 -8.57 42.43 8 2.80 0.00 -2.81 -6.58 -10.00 44.00 9 3.20 0.00 -3.21 -7.52 -11.44 45.56 10 3.60 0.00 -3.61 -8.46 -12.88 47.13 11 4.00 0.00 -4.01 -9.40 -14.31 48.69 d) Trimer system pivot in last riser: ------------------------------------------- i alpha A B C D Calage 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 33.00 2 0.40 1.44 1.05 0.51 0.00 34.58 3 0.80 2.89 2.10 1.01 0.00 36.16 4 1.20 4.33 3.14 1.52 0.00 37.74 5 1.60 5.77 4.19 2.02 0.00 39.33 6 2.00 7.22 5.24 2.53 0.00 40.92 7 2.40 8.67 6.29 3.03 0.00 42.51 8 2.80 10.11 7.33 3.53 0.00 44.10 9 3.20 11.56 8.38 4.04 0.00 45.69 10 3.60 13.01 9.43 4.54 0.00 47.28 11 4.00 14.46 10.48 5.04 0.00 48.87 8. NYLON RODS (JONCS) ------------------------------------------- BLOC 1 TYPE 1 ------------------------------------------- Group 1 ---------------------------- Jonc 1 85.9 Jonc 2 85.5 Jonc 3 84.8 Jonc 4 83.8 Jonc 5 82.4 Jonc 6 80.6 Jonc 7 78.5 Jonc 8 76.0 Jonc 9 73.1 Jonc 10 69.5 ---------------------------- Group 2 ---------------------------- Jonc 11 65.1 Jonc 12 60.0 Jonc 13 54.1 Jonc 14 47.5 Jonc 15 40.3 Jonc 16 31.2 ---------------------------- Joncs total length m (both sides) 21.97 9. 3D-SHAPING DETAILS ------------------------------------------- 10. INFORMATIVE EXTRADOS AND INTRADOS COEFFICIENTS ------------------------------------------- Rib panel/rib (left) panel/rib (right) 0 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 1 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 2 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 3 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 4 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 5 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 6 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 7 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 8 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 9 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 10 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 11 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 12 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 13 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 14 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 15 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 16 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 0 intrados 1.00000 1.00000 1 intrados 1.00000 1.00000 2 intrados 1.00000 1.00000 3 intrados 1.00000 1.00000 4 intrados 1.00000 1.00000 5 intrados 1.00000 1.00000 6 intrados 1.00000 1.00000 7 intrados 1.00000 1.00000 8 intrados 1.00000 1.00000 9 intrados 1.00000 1.00000 10 intrados 1.00000 1.00000 11 intrados 1.00000 1.00000 12 intrados 1.00000 1.00000 13 intrados 1.00000 1.00000 14 intrados 1.00000 1.00000 15 intrados 1.00000 1.00000 16 intrados 1.00000 1.00000 11. INFORMATION ABOUT AIRFOIL POINTS ------------------------------------------- Rib Total Extra Vents Intra 0 140 84 10 48 1 140 84 10 48 2 140 84 10 48 3 140 84 10 48 4 140 84 10 48 5 140 84 10 48 6 140 84 10 48 7 140 84 10 48 8 140 84 10 48 9 140 84 10 48 10 140 84 10 48 11 140 84 10 48 12 140 84 10 48 13 140 84 10 48 14 140 84 10 48 15 140 84 10 48 16 140 84 10 48 17 140 84 10 48 12. ANGLES BETWEEN AIRFOIL PLANE AND GLIDEPATH LINE (phi) and local AoA (chi) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Informative angles. Change rotation values in column 10 of SECTION 1, using phi to improve the results phi=angle between airfoil plane and glidepath line chi=angle between chord line and glidepath line (local AoA) Rib phi chi 1 0.22 8.13 2 0.68 8.15 3 1.14 8.18 4 1.60 8.24 5 2.03 8.31 6 2.48 8.39 7 2.92 8.49 8 3.45 8.60 9 3.97 8.72 10 4.44 8.86 11 4.89 9.02 12 5.30 9.20 13 5.93 9.35 14 6.57 9.45 15 7.11 9.52 16 7.87 9.24 17 8.13 9.36 14. RISERS INFORMATION ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Standard risers, different length Risers number: 4 Riser A: 47.00 cm Riser B: 47.00 cm Riser C: 47.00 cm Riser D: 47.00 cm 16. LINES CHARACTERISTICS TABLE ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Used custom types table Total types number: 6 T s a b Label Strength daN Material Weight g l Length cm ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 r 12.00 2.50 Riser 1000.0 daN aramid 15.00 g s 12.00 cm 2 c 1.40 PPSL160 160.0 daN s_dyneem 1.34 g s 12.00 cm 3 c 1.15 PPSL120 120.0 daN s_dyneem 1.00 g s 10.00 cm 4 c 1.15 PPSL120 120.0 daN s_dyneem 1.00 g s 10.00 cm 5 c 0.80 DSL120 70.0 daN u_dyneem 0.67 g p 8.00 cm 6 c 2.00 Line200B 200.0 daN s_dynemm 3.10 g s 12.00 cm 17. LONGITUDINAL EQUILIBRIUM (informative) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- An attempt to solve the paraglider longitudinal equilibrium. Use interactively until you get convincing results. It is necessary to use external programs such as XFLR5 and or CFD to obtain the aerodynamic coefficients and the center of pressure Remember that the axes used in LEparagliding are: Origin (0,0,0)= at the nose of the central profile section. X-axis horizontal and in the span direction Y-axis along the central chord Z-axis perpendicular to the XY plane and pointing down (not coincides with gravity axis) Basic project data: ----------------------------------------------- Flat area= 26.00 m2 279.9 ft2 Flat span= 10.57 m 34.7 ft Flat A/R= 4.30 Projected area= 22.66 m2 243.9 ft2 Projected span= 8.66 m 28.4 ft Projected A/R= 3.31 Flattening= 12.86 Vault arrow= 2.31 m Proj_span/arrow= 3.74 Line heigth= 6.84 m included risers Proj_span/Line_heigth= 1.36 Karabiners - wingtip= 5.93 m Proj_span/(Karabiners - wingtip)= 1.46 Wing type is= ds Planform geometric center of gravity at 52.62 % from leading edge 1595 mm Section 35 data and initial parameters: ----------------------------------------------- g= 9.8070 m/s2 gravity of Eart ro= 1.2250 kg/m3 air mass density mu= 18.4600 microPascals x s air dynamic viscosity V= 10.5000 m/s estimated initial flow speed Alpha= 8.5000 deg estimated wing angle of attack AOA Cl= 0.5864 wing lift coefficient Cle= 1.0000 wing lift adjustment coefficient Cd= 0.0374 wing drag coefficient Cde= 1.1000 wing drag adjustment coefficient Cm= 0.0000 wing moment coefficient Cdp= 0.8000 pilot drag coefficient Spilot= 0.4380 m2 Wing mass= 4.000 kg Pilot mass= 80.000 kg included harness, instruments, water... Pilot mass desp= 0.200 m below main karabiners x-coordinate Cp= 0.000 m y-coordinate Cp= 0.850 m z-coordinate Cp= 0.345 m Results: ----------------------------------------------- Solve method= 6 Masses and wingload: Lines mass= 0.507 kg (risers included) Risers mass= 0.085 kg Quickli mass= 0.064 kg 8 units Total mass= 84.571 kg Wing flatS= 26.0027 m2 Wing projS= 22.6595 m2 Wingload= 3.252 kg/m2 (using flat wing area) Wingload= 3.732 kg/m2 (using projected wing area) Lines calculus: Lines surf= 0.4973 m2 (risers included) Risers surf= 0.0451 m2 y-Lines drag= 1.2906 m z-Lines drag= 3.5501 m Global Cdlines= 1.1877 Aerodynamic forces: k1,k2,k= 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Wing lift= 821.2777 N Wing lift ex= 0.0000 N Wing lift tot= 821.2777 N Wing drag= 52.3120 N Wing drag ex= 5.2312 N Wing drag tot= 57.5432 N Lines drag= 36.5073 N (risers included) Pilot drag= 21.6583 N Total drag= 115.7089 N Induced drag= 45.4671 N (theoretical by AR, and included in wing drag) Lift to Drag ratios: Wing Cl/Cd= 15.6996 Cl*Cle/(Cd*Cde)= 14.2724 L/(D+Dextra)= 14.2724 L/(Drag total)= 7.0978 Theoric speed= 10.046 m/s 36.16 km/h Horiz speed= 9.947 m/s 35.81 km/h Vert speed= 1.401 m/s 5.05 km/h Mass centers: Wing mc: y= 1.257 m z= 0.669 m Lines+risers mc: y= 1.281 m z= 3.700 m Quicklinks mc: y= 1.029 m z= 6.399 m Pilot+harnes mc: y= 0.973 m z= 0.200 m Total mc: y= 0.988 m z= 0.248 m Angles and calage: WARNING: Iterate initial values until convergence! These results are for informational purposes only! The REAL design parameters must be entered manually in section 8 of leparagliding.txt Theta= -0.480 deg Gamma= 8.020 deg Glide ratio= 7.098 Main-K x-coord= 0.200 m Main-K y-coord= 0.971 m Main-K z-coord= 0.000 m Cp %= 28.03 % 850 mm Pp %= 31.98 % 969 mm Calage %= 32.04 % 971 mm (Py) Complements: Pp-Py %= -0.06 % -1 mm Py-Cp %= 4.38 % 121 mm Pp-Cp %= 4.32 % 119 mm wcg-wcp= 520 mm Distance(wingcg(y,z),wingcp(y,z)) wcg_y-wcp_y= 406 mm wcg_z-wcp_z= 324 mm Detailed lines drag information: ----------------------------------------------- Line - Surf (mm2) - Reynolds - Cdline - Line drag (N) 1 5640. 8361. 1.980 0.75 2 7069. 975. 1.102 0.53 3 6970. 975. 1.102 0.52 4 6858. 975. 1.102 0.51 5 6663. 975. 1.102 0.50 6 1948. 801. 1.116 0.15 7 1927. 801. 1.116 0.15 8 1988. 801. 1.116 0.15 9 1933. 801. 1.116 0.15 10 1949. 801. 1.116 0.15 11 1990. 801. 1.116 0.15 12 1932. 801. 1.116 0.15 13 1932. 801. 1.116 0.15 14 2006. 801. 1.116 0.15 15 1940. 801. 1.116 0.15 16 1913. 801. 1.116 0.14 17 5640. 8361. 1.980 0.75 18 6943. 975. 1.102 0.52 19 6858. 975. 1.102 0.51 20 6760. 975. 1.102 0.50 21 6607. 975. 1.102 0.49 22 6313. 975. 1.102 0.47 23 1955. 801. 1.116 0.15 24 1932. 801. 1.116 0.15 25 1982. 801. 1.116 0.15 26 1929. 801. 1.116 0.15 27 1946. 801. 1.116 0.15 28 1982. 801. 1.116 0.15 29 1929. 801. 1.116 0.15 30 1934. 801. 1.116 0.15 31 1988. 801. 1.116 0.15 32 1934. 801. 1.116 0.15 33 1912. 801. 1.116 0.14 34 1890. 801. 1.116 0.14 35 1907. 801. 1.116 0.14 36 1975. 801. 1.116 0.15 37 2087. 801. 1.116 0.16 38 1996. 801. 1.116 0.15 39 1975. 801. 1.116 0.15 40 5640. 8361. 1.980 0.75 41 6999. 975. 1.102 0.52 42 6915. 975. 1.102 0.51 43 6817. 975. 1.102 0.51 44 6677. 975. 1.102 0.50 45 1950. 801. 1.116 0.15 46 1929. 801. 1.116 0.15 47 1982. 801. 1.116 0.15 48 1930. 801. 1.116 0.15 49 1949. 801. 1.116 0.15 50 1986. 801. 1.116 0.15 51 1935. 801. 1.116 0.15 52 1940. 801. 1.116 0.15 53 1985. 801. 1.116 0.15 54 1931. 801. 1.116 0.15 55 1949. 801. 1.116 0.15 56 5640. 8361. 1.980 0.75 57 7238. 975. 1.102 0.54 58 7139. 975. 1.102 0.53 59 7027. 975. 1.102 0.52 60 1949. 801. 1.116 0.15 61 1929. 801. 1.116 0.15 62 1994. 801. 1.116 0.15 63 1939. 801. 1.116 0.15 64 1956. 801. 1.116 0.15 65 1996. 801. 1.116 0.15 66 1937. 801. 1.116 0.15 67 1936. 801. 1.116 0.15 68 5760. 1394. 1.080 0.42 69 3164. 975. 1.102 0.24 70 2702. 975. 1.102 0.20 71 1575. 801. 1.116 0.12 72 1575. 801. 1.116 0.12 73 1575. 801. 1.116 0.12 74 1575. 801. 1.116 0.12 75 1038. 557. 1.148 0.08 76 826. 557. 1.148 0.06 77 729. 557. 1.148 0.06 78 751. 557. 1.148 0.06 79 894. 557. 1.148 0.07 80 797. 557. 1.148 0.06 81 751. 557. 1.148 0.06 82 713. 557. 1.148 0.06 18. SOME PANEL PARAMETERS FOR XFLR5 ANALYSIS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Read files inside xfl5 folder 19. SOME SPECIAL PARAMETERS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 special codes used