LABORATORI D'ENVOL PARAGLIDING 3.17+ version "Z" by Pere Casellas 2010-2022 http://www.laboratoridenvol.com General Public License GNU/GPL 3.0 Brand: Laboratori d'envol Paraglider model: BHL4-24 scale: 1.00000 1. MAIN PARAMETERS: ------------------------------------------------- Flat area = 24.04 m2 258.8 ft2 Flat span = 10.62 m 34.8 ft Flat A/R = 4.69 Projected area = 20.53 m2 221.0 ft2 Projected span = 8.49 m 27.9 ft Projected A/R = 3.51 Flattening = 0.15 More geometric parameters: Vault arrow = 2.55 m Proj_span/arrow = 3.33 Line heigth (included risers) = 6.83 m Proj_span/Line_heigth = 1.34 Karabiners - wingtip = 5.71 m Proj_span/(Karabiners - wingtip) = 1.49 Wing type is: ss Planform center of gravity at 52.86 % from leading edge 2. CALAGE PROPERTIES: ------------------------------------------------- finesse GR 7.00 glide angle 8.13 AoA 7.42 assiette 0.71 total height hcp (inc risers) -0. cm risers 47. cm calage, pilot centering % cm 42.00 117.77 center pressure (estimation) cm 45.00 126.18 karabiners (x,y,z) 20.00 117.86 683.00 3. RIB PROPERTIES: ------------------------------------------------- Ribs number = 36 Cells number = 35 Rib - Chord - washin - beta - Rot_z ------------------------------------------------- 1 280.41 0.000 1.51 0.00 2 279.38 0.000 4.67 0.00 3 277.32 0.000 7.68 0.00 4 274.23 0.000 10.70 0.00 5 270.12 0.000 13.72 0.00 6 264.96 0.000 17.64 0.00 7 258.76 0.000 21.78 0.00 8 251.49 0.000 25.93 0.00 9 242.82 0.750 29.86 0.00 10 232.38 1.750 33.80 0.00 11 220.20 2.800 39.23 0.00 12 206.34 4.000 44.71 0.00 13 190.81 5.000 50.20 0.00 14 172.17 6.000 55.46 0.00 15 149.04 7.500 61.15 0.00 16 122.21 9.000 66.80 0.00 17 92.56 10.500 71.81 0.00 18 60.96 12.000 76.41 0.00 Cell width (cm) 0 34.58 1 34.51 2 34.38 3 34.19 4 33.94 5 33.62 6 33.24 7 32.79 8 32.26 9 31.61 10 30.86 11 30.01 12 29.05 13 27.90 14 26.48 15 24.83 16 22.99 17 21.05 4. LINE MATRIX, LINE LENGTHS,AND LINE LOADS: Line-plan- level- order- ap - r - row - rib - L - length -length_e - load (Kg) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1 1 1 16 4 1 16 L = 47.00 47.00 16.80 2 1 2 1 4 4 1 4 L = 377.00 376.85 5.06 3 1 2 2 6 4 1 10 L = 365.00 364.80 6.92 4 1 2 3 6 4 1 16 L = 339.00 338.87 4.83 5 1 3 1 2 4 1 2 L = 150.00 149.92 2.55 6 1 3 2 2 4 1 4 L = 150.00 149.92 2.51 7 1 3 3 3 4 1 7 L = 150.00 149.89 3.61 8 1 3 4 3 4 1 10 L = 150.00 149.90 3.31 9 1 3 5 3 4 1 13 L = 150.00 149.92 2.81 10 1 3 6 3 4 1 16 L = 150.00 149.94 2.02 11 1 4 1 1 4 1 1 L = 108.47 108.44 1.28 12 1 4 2 1 4 1 2 L = 104.04 104.01 1.27 13 1 4 3 1 4 1 3 L = 102.21 102.19 1.26 14 1 4 4 1 4 1 4 L = 103.09 103.06 1.25 15 1 4 5 1 4 1 5 L = 118.59 118.56 1.23 16 1 4 6 1 4 1 6 L = 109.60 109.58 1.21 17 1 4 7 1 4 1 7 L = 107.75 107.72 1.18 18 1 4 8 1 4 1 8 L = 104.59 104.56 1.14 19 1 4 9 1 4 1 9 L = 101.40 101.38 1.10 20 1 4 10 1 4 1 10 L = 106.00 105.98 1.06 21 1 4 11 1 4 1 11 L = 122.84 122.82 1.00 22 1 4 12 1 4 1 12 L = 112.63 112.61 0.94 23 1 4 13 1 4 1 13 L = 107.23 107.21 0.87 24 1 4 14 1 4 1 14 L = 99.76 99.74 0.78 25 1 4 15 1 4 1 15 L = 92.15 92.14 0.68 26 1 4 16 1 4 1 16 L = 91.96 91.95 0.56 27 2 1 1 16 4 2 16 L = 47.00 47.00 16.80 28 2 2 1 4 4 2 4 L = 415.00 414.83 5.06 29 2 2 2 6 4 2 10 L = 399.00 398.78 6.92 30 2 2 3 6 4 2 16 L = 360.00 359.86 4.83 31 2 3 1 2 4 2 2 L = 150.00 149.92 2.55 32 2 3 2 2 4 2 4 L = 150.00 149.92 2.51 33 2 3 3 3 4 2 7 L = 150.00 149.89 3.61 34 2 3 4 3 4 2 10 L = 150.00 149.90 3.31 35 2 3 5 3 4 2 13 L = 150.00 149.92 2.81 36 2 3 6 3 4 2 16 L = 150.00 149.94 2.02 37 2 4 1 1 4 2 1 L = 71.20 71.19 1.28 38 2 4 2 1 4 2 2 L = 66.30 66.29 1.27 39 2 4 3 1 4 2 3 L = 64.56 64.54 1.26 40 2 4 4 1 4 2 4 L = 66.01 66.00 1.25 41 2 4 5 1 4 2 5 L = 86.58 86.56 1.23 42 2 4 6 1 4 2 6 L = 76.57 76.55 1.21 43 2 4 7 1 4 2 7 L = 74.84 74.82 1.18 44 2 4 8 1 4 2 8 L = 71.92 71.90 1.14 45 2 4 9 1 4 2 9 L = 68.38 68.36 1.10 46 2 4 10 1 4 2 10 L = 73.83 73.82 1.06 47 2 4 11 1 4 2 11 L = 101.11 101.09 1.00 48 2 4 12 1 4 2 12 L = 90.02 90.01 0.94 49 2 4 13 1 4 2 13 L = 84.35 84.33 0.87 50 2 4 14 1 4 2 14 L = 76.41 76.40 0.78 51 2 4 15 1 4 2 15 L = 69.19 69.18 0.68 52 2 4 16 1 4 2 16 L = 68.12 68.11 0.56 53 3 1 1 20 3 4 18 L = 47.00 47.00 8.28 54 3 2 1 4 4 3 4 L = 410.00 409.93 2.17 55 3 2 2 6 4 3 10 L = 395.00 394.91 2.97 56 3 2 3 6 4 3 16 L = 352.00 351.93 2.36 57 3 2 4 4 3 4 18 L = 399.00 398.97 0.79 58 3 3 1 2 4 3 2 L = 150.00 149.97 1.09 59 3 3 2 2 4 3 4 L = 150.00 149.97 1.08 60 3 3 3 3 4 3 7 L = 150.00 149.95 1.55 61 3 3 4 3 4 3 10 L = 150.00 149.96 1.42 62 3 3 5 3 4 3 13 L = 150.00 149.96 1.20 63 3 3 6 3 4 3 16 L = 150.00 149.97 1.15 64 3 3 7 1 3 1 18 L = 152.71 152.70 0.28 65 3 3 8 1 3 2 18 L = 150.44 150.43 0.28 66 3 3 9 1 3 3 18 L = 150.24 150.23 0.16 67 3 3 10 1 3 4 18 L = 152.26 152.26 0.08 68 3 4 1 1 4 3 1 L = 75.28 75.27 0.55 69 3 4 2 1 4 3 2 L = 70.35 70.35 0.54 70 3 4 3 1 4 3 3 L = 68.55 68.55 0.54 71 3 4 4 1 4 3 4 L = 69.91 69.90 0.53 72 3 4 5 1 4 3 5 L = 89.36 89.35 0.53 73 3 4 6 1 4 3 6 L = 79.51 79.50 0.52 74 3 4 7 1 4 3 7 L = 77.83 77.82 0.50 75 3 4 8 1 4 3 8 L = 74.96 74.96 0.49 76 3 4 9 1 4 3 9 L = 70.90 70.89 0.47 77 3 4 10 1 4 3 10 L = 75.49 75.48 0.45 78 3 4 11 1 4 3 11 L = 106.83 106.82 0.43 79 3 4 12 1 4 3 12 L = 95.48 95.47 0.40 80 3 4 13 1 4 3 13 L = 91.91 91.91 0.37 81 3 4 14 1 4 3 14 L = 79.53 79.52 0.45 82 3 4 15 1 4 3 15 L = 71.94 71.94 0.39 83 3 4 16 1 4 3 16 L = 71.95 71.95 0.32 84 4 1 1 29 4 4 16 L = 47.00 47.00 6.76 85 4 2 1 8 4 5 4 L = 404.00 403.93 2.17 86 4 2 2 12 4 5 10 L = 390.00 389.91 2.81 87 4 2 3 9 4 4 16 L = 353.00 352.95 1.78 88 4 3 1 4 4 5 2 L = 150.00 149.97 1.09 89 4 3 2 4 4 5 4 L = 150.00 149.97 1.08 90 4 3 3 6 4 5 7 L = 150.00 149.95 1.55 91 4 3 4 6 4 5 10 L = 150.00 149.96 1.27 92 4 3 5 6 4 5 13 L = 150.00 149.96 1.20 93 4 3 6 3 4 4 16 L = 150.00 149.98 0.58 94 4 4 1 1 4 4 1 L = 83.14 83.13 0.36 95 4 4 2 1 4 5 1 L = 91.75 91.75 0.18 96 4 4 3 1 4 4 2 L = 78.55 78.54 0.36 97 4 4 4 1 4 5 2 L = 87.39 87.39 0.18 98 4 4 5 1 4 4 3 L = 76.91 76.90 0.36 99 4 4 6 1 4 5 3 L = 85.88 85.88 0.18 100 4 4 7 1 4 4 4 L = 78.29 78.29 0.36 101 4 4 8 1 4 5 4 L = 86.81 86.80 0.18 102 4 4 9 1 4 4 5 L = 95.74 95.74 0.35 103 4 4 10 1 4 5 5 L = 102.91 102.91 0.18 104 4 4 11 1 4 4 6 L = 86.75 86.75 0.34 105 4 4 12 1 4 5 6 L = 94.01 94.01 0.17 106 4 4 13 1 4 4 7 L = 85.62 85.62 0.34 107 4 4 14 1 4 5 7 L = 92.38 92.38 0.17 108 4 4 15 1 4 5 8 L = 88.14 88.13 0.16 109 4 4 16 1 4 4 8 L = 83.07 83.06 0.33 110 4 4 17 1 4 5 9 L = 83.80 83.79 0.16 111 4 4 18 1 4 4 9 L = 79.79 79.78 0.32 112 4 4 19 1 4 5 10 L = 86.94 86.94 0.15 113 4 4 20 1 4 5 10 L = 86.94 86.94 0.15 114 4 4 21 1 4 4 11 L = 105.59 105.58 0.29 115 4 4 22 1 4 5 11 L = 108.86 108.86 0.14 116 4 4 23 1 4 4 12 L = 94.64 94.64 0.27 117 4 4 24 1 4 5 12 L = 97.20 97.20 0.13 118 4 4 25 1 4 4 13 L = 100.03 100.02 0.25 119 4 4 26 1 4 5 13 L = 96.19 96.18 0.12 120 4 4 27 1 4 4 14 L = 78.71 78.71 0.22 121 4 4 28 1 4 4 15 L = 71.27 71.26 0.19 122 4 4 29 1 4 4 16 L = 74.72 74.72 0.16 123 5 1 1 9 3 6 17 L = 230.00 0.00 0.00 124 5 2 1 3 3 6 5 L = 274.00 0.00 0.00 125 5 2 2 3 3 6 11 L = 241.00 0.00 0.00 126 5 2 3 3 3 6 17 L = 204.00 0.00 0.00 127 5 3 1 1 3 6 1 L = 186.22 0.00 0.00 128 5 3 2 1 3 6 3 L = 163.35 0.00 0.00 129 5 3 3 1 3 6 5 L = 160.47 0.00 0.00 130 5 3 4 1 3 6 7 L = 181.08 0.00 0.00 131 5 3 5 1 3 6 9 L = 163.91 0.00 0.00 132 5 3 6 1 3 6 11 L = 158.91 0.00 0.00 133 5 3 7 1 3 6 13 L = 179.18 0.00 0.00 134 5 3 8 1 3 6 15 L = 162.39 0.00 0.00 135 5 3 9 1 3 6 17 L = 155.43 0.00 0.00 Total line lengths (without loops) = 362.54 Total line lengths (with loops) = 416.54 (estimation of 10 cm additional per loop) 5. Adjustment seam parameters on the inner side of extrados panels (fig. 10 of the manual) ------------------------------------------------- Not used ( ndif=1000 ) 6. VERIFICATION Panels and rib differences (mm): ------------------------------------------------- NOTE: Maximal accuracy << 0.02 mm in extrados and intrados panels Number - Panel at left - Rib - Panel at right - max dif (mm) 1 3276.93 3276.93 3276.93 0.00 2 3264.90 3264.90 3264.90 0.00 3 3240.82 3240.82 3240.82 0.00 4 3204.71 3204.71 3204.71 0.00 5 3156.68 3156.68 3156.68 0.00 6 3096.38 3096.38 3096.38 0.00 7 3023.93 3023.93 3023.93 0.00 8 2938.97 2938.97 2938.97 0.00 9 2837.65 2837.65 2837.65 0.00 10 2715.64 2715.64 2715.64 0.00 11 2573.31 2573.31 2573.31 0.00 12 2411.34 2411.34 2411.34 0.00 13 2229.85 2229.85 2229.85 0.00 14 2012.02 2012.02 2012.02 0.00 15 1741.71 1741.71 1741.71 0.00 16 1428.17 1428.17 1428.17 0.00 17 1081.68 1081.68 1081.68 0.00 Panel distorsions in the leading edge (mm): ------------------------------------------- Panel D. extra D. intra 0 0.0310 0.0000 1 0.0308 0.0000 2 0.0235 0.0000 3 0.0144 0.0000 4 0.0012 0.0000 5 -0.0055 0.0000 6 -0.0249 0.0000 7 -0.0511 0.0000 8 -0.0003 0.0000 9 -0.0171 0.0000 10 -0.0229 0.0000 11 -0.0333 0.0000 12 -0.0439 0.0000 13 -0.0692 0.0000 14 -0.0154 0.0000 15 -0.0257 433.7032 16 -0.0569 -0.0139 17 -0.0502 0.0782 7. CALAGE AND RISERS VARIATIONS WITH ANGLE a) Speed system pivot in last riser: ------------------------------------------- i alpha A B C D Calage 1 -0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 42.00 2 -0.44 -1.40 -0.97 -0.56 0.00 40.11 3 -0.89 -2.80 -1.94 -1.12 0.00 38.23 4 -1.33 -4.20 -2.91 -1.68 0.00 36.35 5 -1.78 -5.60 -3.88 -2.24 0.00 34.48 6 -2.22 -6.99 -4.84 -2.79 0.00 32.62 7 -2.67 -8.38 -5.81 -3.35 0.00 30.76 8 -3.11 -9.77 -6.78 -3.91 0.00 28.92 9 -3.56 -11.16 -7.74 -4.47 0.00 27.09 10 -4.00 -12.55 -8.71 -5.03 0.00 25.28 b) Speed system pivot in first riser: ------------------------------------------- i alpha A B C D Calage 1 -0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 42.00 2 -0.44 0.00 0.44 0.85 1.40 40.11 3 -0.89 0.00 0.88 1.71 2.80 38.22 4 -1.33 0.00 1.33 2.56 4.20 36.32 5 -1.78 0.00 1.77 3.42 5.59 34.43 6 -2.22 0.00 2.21 4.27 6.99 32.53 7 -2.67 0.00 2.65 5.12 8.38 30.63 8 -3.11 0.00 3.10 5.97 9.77 28.73 9 -3.56 0.00 3.54 6.82 11.16 26.83 10 -4.00 0.00 3.98 7.68 12.54 24.93 c) Trimer system pivot in first riser: ------------------------------------------- i alpha A B C D Calage 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 42.00 2 0.44 0.00 -0.44 -0.85 -1.40 43.89 3 0.89 0.00 -0.88 -1.71 -2.80 45.77 4 1.33 0.00 -1.33 -2.56 -4.21 47.66 5 1.78 0.00 -1.77 -3.42 -5.61 49.54 6 2.22 0.00 -2.21 -4.27 -7.02 51.42 7 2.67 0.00 -2.65 -5.13 -8.43 53.30 8 3.11 0.00 -3.09 -5.98 -9.84 55.17 9 3.56 0.00 -3.53 -6.84 -11.25 57.04 10 4.00 0.00 -3.97 -7.69 -12.66 58.91 d) Trimer system pivot in last riser: ------------------------------------------- i alpha A B C D Calage 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 42.00 2 0.44 1.40 0.97 0.56 0.00 43.89 3 0.89 2.81 1.94 1.12 0.00 45.78 4 1.33 4.21 2.91 1.68 0.00 47.68 5 1.78 5.62 3.88 2.23 0.00 49.58 6 2.22 7.02 4.85 2.79 0.00 51.48 7 2.67 8.43 5.82 3.35 0.00 53.37 8 3.11 9.84 6.80 3.91 0.00 55.27 9 3.56 11.25 7.77 4.46 0.00 57.17 10 4.00 12.66 8.74 5.02 0.00 59.07 8. NYLON RODS (JONCS) ------------------------------------------- BLOC 1 TYPE 1 ------------------------------------------- Group 1 ---------------------------- Jonc 1 72.4 Jonc 2 72.1 Jonc 3 71.6 Jonc 4 70.8 Jonc 5 69.7 Jonc 6 68.4 Jonc 7 66.8 Jonc 8 64.9 Jonc 9 62.7 Jonc 10 60.0 Jonc 11 56.8 Jonc 12 53.2 Jonc 13 49.2 Jonc 14 44.4 Jonc 15 38.5 ---------------------------- Group 2 ---------------------------- Jonc 16 33.1 Jonc 17 25.1 ---------------------------- BLOC 2 TYPE 2 ------------------------------------------- Group 1 ---------------------------- Jonc 1 33.2 Jonc 2 33.1 Jonc 3 32.9 Jonc 4 32.5 Jonc 5 32.0 Jonc 6 31.4 Jonc 7 30.7 Jonc 8 29.8 Jonc 9 28.8 Jonc 10 27.5 Jonc 11 26.1 Jonc 12 24.5 Jonc 13 22.6 Jonc 14 20.4 Jonc 15 17.7 ---------------------------- Group 2 ---------------------------- Jonc 16 11.8 Jonc 17 8.9 ---------------------------- Joncs total length m (both sides) 28.47 9. 3D-SHAPING DETAILS ------------------------------------------- 10. INFORMATIVE EXTRADOS AND INTRADOS COEFFICIENTS ------------------------------------------- Rib panel/rib (left) panel/rib (right) 0 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 1 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 2 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 3 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 4 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 5 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 6 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 7 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 8 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 9 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 10 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 11 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 12 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 13 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 14 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 15 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 16 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 17 extrados 1.00000 1.00000 0 intrados 1.00004 1.00004 1 intrados 1.00007 1.00000 2 intrados 1.00010 0.99997 3 intrados 1.00014 0.99994 4 intrados 1.00017 0.99990 5 intrados 1.00021 0.99987 6 intrados 1.00025 0.99983 7 intrados 1.00029 0.99979 8 intrados 1.00033 0.99975 9 intrados 1.00040 0.99968 10 intrados 1.00049 0.99961 11 intrados 1.00058 0.99947 12 intrados 1.00145 0.99878 13 intrados 1.00080 0.99929 14 intrados 1.00107 0.99838 15 intrados 0.99983 1.58867 16 intrados 0.99992 1.00000 17 intrados 1.00000 1.00000 11. INFORMATION ABOUT AIRFOIL POINTS ------------------------------------------- Rib Total Extra Vents Intra 0 89 58 18 15 1 89 58 18 15 2 89 58 18 15 3 89 58 18 15 4 89 58 18 15 5 89 58 18 15 6 89 58 18 15 7 89 58 18 15 8 89 58 18 15 9 89 58 18 15 10 89 58 18 15 11 89 58 18 15 12 89 58 18 15 13 89 58 18 15 14 89 58 18 15 15 89 58 18 15 16 89 58 18 15 17 89 58 18 15 18 89 58 18 15 12. ANGLES BETWEEN AIRFOIL PLANE AND GLIDEPATH LINE (phi) and local AoA (chi) --------------------------------------------------- ------------------------- Informative angles. Change rotation values in column 10 of SECTION 1, using phi to improve the results phi=angle between airfoil plane and glidepath line chi=angle between chord line and glidepath line (local AoA) Rib phi chi 1 0.21 8.13 2 0.66 8.13 3 1.08 8.13 4 1.50 8.13 5 1.92 8.13 6 2.46 8.13 7 3.01 8.13 8 3.55 8.13 9 4.04 8.79 10 4.51 9.63 11 5.13 10.45 12 5.71 11.33 13 6.24 11.96 14 6.69 12.54 15 7.12 13.45 16 7.47 14.29 17 7.72 15.13 18 7.90 15.97